If you're on GLP-1 medications and have upcoming surgery, proper preparation is essential. These medications slow gastric emptying, which can affect anesthesia safety. Here's what you need to know.
Important: Aspiration Risk
GLP-1 medications slow stomach emptying, meaning food may remain in your stomach longer than normal. This increases the risk of aspiration (stomach contents entering the lungs) during anesthesia—a serious complication. Always tell your surgical team about your GLP-1 medication.
Current Guidelines (2024-2025)
The American Society of Anesthesiologists recommends:
- Weekly injections (Ozempic, Mounjaro): Hold for 1 week before surgery
- Daily medications (Rybelsus): Hold for 1 day before surgery
- GI symptoms present: Consider delaying elective surgery
- Emergency surgery: Treat as full stomach; use rapid sequence intubation
Note: Guidelines evolve. Always follow your specific surgical team's instructions.
Pre-Surgery Checklist
- Inform your surgeon AND anesthesiologist about your GLP-1 medication
- Ask about specific timing for your last dose
- Follow liquid diet instructions carefully (often 24-48 hours)
- Report any nausea, vomiting, or bloating to your surgical team
- Confirm fasting instructions (may be longer than standard 8 hours)
- Discuss when to restart medication post-surgery
After Surgery
Restarting your GLP-1 medication depends on several factors:
- Wait until you're tolerating oral intake well
- May need to restart at a lower dose if GI system is sensitive
- Some surgeries require longer delays (especially GI procedures)
- Coordinate with both your surgeon and prescribing provider
Key Takeaway
GLP-1 medications are generally safe, but surgery requires special precautions. Communication with your entire medical team is essential. Never hide medication use from your surgical team—the aspiration risk is real and preventable with proper planning.